Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: уязвимо лице
- CZ: zranitelná osoba
- DE: schutzbedürftige Person
- EE: haavatav isik
- EN: vulnerable person
- ES: persona vulnerable
- FI: haavoittuvassa asemassa oleva henkilö
- FR: personne vulnérable
- GA: duine soghonta
- GR: ευάλωτο άτομο
- HU: sérülékeny (csoporthoz tartozó) személy
- IT: persona vulnerabile
- LT: pažeidžiamas asmuo
- LV: mazāk aizsargāta persona
- MT: Persuna vulnerabbli
- NL: kwetsbaar persoon
- NO: sårbar person
- PL: osoba szczególnej troski
- PT: pessoa vulnerável
- RO: persoană vulnerabilă
- SE: utsatt person
- SK: zraniteľná osoba
- SL: ranljiva oseba
Minors, unaccompanied minors, disabled people, elderly people, pregnant women, single parents with minor children, victims of trafficking in human beings, persons with serious illnesses, persons with mental disorders and persons who have been subjected to torture, rape or other serious forms of psychological, physical or sexual violence, such as victims of female genital mutilation.
2. Some directives use narrower definitions such as in its Art. 3(9) Directive 2008/115/EG (Return Directive).
- BG: непридружен непълнолетен
- CZ: nezletilý bez doprovodu
- DE: unbegleiteter Minderjähriger
- EE: saatjata alaealine
- EN: unaccompanied minor
- ES: menor no acompañado (MENA)
- FI: ilman huoltajaa oleva alaikäinen, yksin tullut alaikäinen
- FR: mineur isolé étranger
- GA: mionaoiseach neamhthionlactha
- GR: ασυνόδευτος ανήλικος
- HU: kísérő nélküli kiskorú
- IT: minore non accompagnato
- LT: nelydimas nepilnametis
- LV: nepilngadīgais bez pavadības
- MT: Minorenni mhux akkumpanjat
- NL: alleenstaande minderjarige vreemdeling
- NO: enslig mindreårig (b) / einsleg mindreårig (n)
- PL: małoletni bez opieki
- PT: menor desacompanhado
- RO: minor neînsoţit
- SE: ensamkommande barn
- SK: maloletý bez sprievodu
- SL: mladoletnik brez spremstva
A minor who arrives on the territory of an EU Member unaccompanied by the adult responsible for them by law or by the practice of the EU Member State concerned, and for as long as they are not effectively taken into the care of such a person; or who is left unaccompanied after they have entered the territory of the EU Member State.
2. In some (EU Member) States, statistics include all those who claim they are unaccompanied minors (i.e. before an age assessment has confirmed this), whereas other (Member) States only count those recognised as such by a competent authority (i.e. following an age assessment).
3. For further information, see EMN: Policies on Reception, Return and Integration Arrangements for, and numbers of, Unaccompanied Minors – an EU comparative study, 2009. An update of this 2009 study was published in 2015 entitled ‘Policies, practices and data on unaccompanied minors in EU Member States and Norway'.
- BG: представител
- CZ: zástupce
- DE: Vertreter (EU acquis) / Stellvertreter (DE)
- EE: esindaja
- EN: representative
- ES: representante legal
- FI: edustaja
- FR: représentant
- GA: ionadaí
- GR: εκπρόσωπος
- HU: ügygondnok
- IT: rappresentante
- LT: atstovas
- LV: pārstāvis
- MT: Rappreżentant legali // Kuratur legali
- NL: vertegenwoordiger
- NO: verge
- PL: przedstawiciel
- PT: representante legal
- RO: reprezentant legal
- SE: företrädare
- SK: zástupca
- SL: predstavnik / zastopnik
A person or an organisation appointed by the competent bodies in order to assist and represent an unaccompanied minor in procedures provided for in Directive 2013/32/EU (Recast Asylum Procedures Directive) with a view to ensuring the best interests of the child and exercising legal capacity for the minor where necessary.
Where an organisation is appointed as a representative, it shall designate a person responsible for carrying out the duties of representative in respect of the unaccompanied minor.
- BG: хуманитарен статут
- CZ: humanitární ochrana
- DE: humanitärer Schutz
- EE: humanitaarkaitse
- EN: humanitarian protection
- ES: protección humanitaria
- FI: humanitaarinen suojelu
- FR: protection humanitaire
- GA: cosaint dhaonnúil
- GR: προστασία για ανθρωπιστικούς λόγους
- HU: humanitárius védelem
- IT: protezione umanitaria
- LT: humanitarinė (papildoma) apsauga
- LV: humānā aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni umanitarja
- NL: bescherming op humanitaire gronden
- NO: beskyttelse på humanitært grunnlag (b) / vern på humanitært grunnlag (n)
- PL: ochrona o charakterze humanitarnym
- PT: protecção humanitária
- RO: protecţie umanitară
- SE: humanitärt skydd
- SK: humanitárna ochrana
- SL: humanitarna zaščita
A form of non-EU harmonised protection nowadays normally replaced by subsidiary protection, except in some EU Member States.
2. IE has also opted-into the Qualification Directive, and uses the term ‘leave to remain’.
3. In DE, FI and IT, humanitarian protection and subsidiary protection are different concepts. In DE and IT, humanitarian protection is the reception and residence of refugees under international law or on humanitarian or political (DE only) grounds, and in FI, humanitarian protection is granted to foreign nationals who cannot return to their country of origin or country of former habitual residence as a result of an environmental catastrophe or a bad security situation, which may be due to an international or internal armed conflict or a poor human rights situation.
4. In EE, LV, this term is not used.
5. AT and ES use a similar expression, namely ‘residence permit on humanitarian grounds’.
6. In BG, humanitarian protection encompasses subsidiary protection as well as protection granted for other humanitarian reasons (see Art. 9, SG No 52 of 2007).
7. In NO, a residence permit may be granted, even if the other conditions laid down in the Act are not satisfied, provided there are strong humanitarian considerations or the foreign national has a particular connection with the realm. To determine whether there are strong humanitarian considerations, an overall assessment shall be made of the case. Importance may be attached, inter alia, to whether the foreign national is an unaccompanied minor who would be without proper care if they were returned; the foreign national needs to stay in the realm due to compelling health circumstances; there are social or humanitarian circumstances relating to the return situation that give grounds for granting a residence permit; the foreign national has been a victim of human trafficking. (For further information, see Immigration Act of May 2008, Chaper 5, Section 38).
- BG: оценка на възрастта
- CZ: určení věku
- DE: Altersfeststellung
- EE: vanuse määramine
- EN: age assessment
- ES: determinación de la edad
- FI: iän määrittäminen / iän selvittäminen
- FR: détermination de l’âge
- GA: measúnú aoise
- GR: ektímisis tis ilikías
- HU: kormeghatározás
- IT: accertamento dell’età
- LT: amžiaus nustatymas
- LV: vecuma noteikšana
- MT: Valutazzjoni / Stima tal-età
- NL: leeftijdsonderzoek
- NO: aldersvurdering
- PL: ustalenie / ocena wieku
- RO: evaluarea varstei
- SE: åldersbedömning
- SK: posúdenie veku
- SL: ocenjevanje starosti
Process by which authorities seek to establish the chronological age, or range of age, of a person in order to determine whether an individual is a child or not.
2. According to UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 6, the identification of a child as an unaccompanied and separated child (UASC) includes age assessment, which should take into account physical appearance, but also psychological maturity. The assessment must be conducted in a scientific, safe, child and gender-sensitive and fair manner, avoiding any risk of violation of the physical integrity of the child, giving due respect to human dignity.
3. Age assessment can include a variety of processes or procedures either undertaken singularly or in combination, such as: analysis of documentary evidence, interview, X-ray, physical or other form of medical examination.